The sociology of informality in Peru

  LA PROPAGANDA NAZI Y LA MANIPULACIÓN DE LOS MEDIOS DE COMUNICACIÓN POR EL PODER DE LAS IDEOLOGÍAS EXTREMISTAS, Y EL ABUSO DE PODER OFICIAL , QUE ENGENDRO ODIO Y VIOLENCIA SOCIAL.  Es bien sabido que en cada teoría tendemos a apuntar con el dedo al culpable de nuestros problemas. Lo mismo paso con Alemania en el siglo XX. Debido a que no querían aceptar que perdieron La Gran Guerra terminaron conspirando y diciendo que fue un sabotaje de parte de los judíos. Cómo ya muchos sabemos, Hitler en 1933 alcanzó el poder para llevar sus ideas antisemitas a la práctica.  La manera en como las llevaron a cabo fue mediante la manipulación mediática (propaganda nazi) que consistía en mostrar a los judíos como algo ajeno a un ser humano, tratándolo como un germen que tiene que ser exterminado y que siempre buscará su propio beneficio ya sea por parte del comunismo o capitalismo (llegando a decir que buscan el control del mundo) Al día de hoy aún siguen estas ideas, no tan fuertes com...

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iG1ouC-Ystk

According to INEI (Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática) Informal employment concerns approximately three out of every four Peruvians of the economically active occupied population (employed population). The graph shows that the percentage of informal jobs was 72.7% in the year 2019, representing 56.9% of the EAP (economically active population). As indicated, three out of every four workers in the employed population have informal employment. The graph presents informal employment by company size, it is observed that the largest proportion of informal employment is found in companies of smaller relative size; In contrast, “formal” employment is concentrated in the largest companies. 63% of the employed population with “formal” employment works in companies with 31 or more people, while 82% of the employed population with informal employment does in companies with 5 or fewer employed people. Over the years we have been able to see how informality has been increasing, but all...

  Cisneros-Acevedo, C. (2016).  Trade liberalisation effect in two margins of informality. The peruvian case . Working paper, mimeo University of Nottingham.

We understand the disadvantages that informality has generated for our sustainable development objectives and that despite preventing our country and its trade from being treated seriously due to commitment, or lack thereof, it has managed to promote the "entrepreneurial" development of our citizens, considering innovative aspects that are used to achieve their purpose whatever path they must take. But then, will the perspective from which we see informality be ideal? Therefore, wanting to answer this question, we rely on the intellectual structure of the economic field, which has allowed the sub-area of ​​informality and the Sustainable Development Goals to be understood through articles mainly related to urban informality and cities. (Economic Policy and Analysis, 1970) To begin to answer this question, we must consider that informality allows us to analyze two paths: one that ensures that our perception of the facts is based on social, labor, and urban informality, and ano...

  Chong, A., Galdo, J., & Saavedra-Chanduví, J. (2007). Informality and productivity in the labor market: Peru 1986-2001. La informalidad: un problema a combatir Miranda, R. M. [TVPerúNoticias]. (2017, 23 julio). La informalidad: un problema a combatir [Vídeo]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2PNQyx69zsg&ab_channel=TVPer%C3%BANoticias

 Our approach to informality in Peru at a macro and micro level is clear, which is why we want to highlight one of our main cities, our capital Lima. Although Lima has been the largest commercial center in the country for years, it has also become the city with the greatest informality, encompassing urban, social, and economic aspects, which unfortunately have been "evolving" along with the country. Proof of the evolution of informal commerce in Lima is that it has even adapted to technological platforms, such as online sales through social networks like Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp, which are an important part of informal commerce. The majority of merchants that offer their products or services through social networks do not provide receipts nor do they pay taxes on their profits. But the biggest problem with informal commerce through social networks is not tax evasion, but the fact that the lack of regulation in these commercial transactions often leads to scams. The n...